Tests to measure kidney function, damage and detect abnormalities healthy kidneys remove wastes and excess fluid from the blood. An elevated bun, by itself, is suggestive, but not diagnostic of kidney dysfunction, because bun can be affected by other factors. Blood and urine tests show how well the kidneys are doing their job and how quickly body wastes are being removed. Fbc electrolytes 40100 mmol24 hours varies with intake. A kidney function blood test helps check if the kidneys are functioning properly. There are no normal values for the urinary excretion of water and electrolytes data should be interpreted by consideration of the prevailing stimulus and the expected renal response. This impairment is reflected in blood and urine tests. Iohexol clearance and cystatin c serum concentration. Medical tests of kidney function interpretation of lab. Glomerular filtration rate gfr describes the flow rate of filtered fluid through the kidney. Specific gravity sticks measure ionic particles only, not glucose. Pdf the markers of renal function test assess the normal functioning of kidneys. A renal function assessment should be done prior to the start of cancer drug treatment to ensure that the patient has adequate renal function.
Tests of renal function have utility in identifying the presence of renal. Full text full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Creatinine should be measured in patients suspected of having, or at risk of, impaired renal function, e. Laboratory evaluation of kidney function arup laboratories. Renal function panel blood test for kidney function. If you have kidney disease ask your doctor which tests you will have and how often they will be done. Blood tests that are included in the kidney function test include measuring for creatinine and blood urea nitrogen bun. Estimation of renal function should be as accurate as possible when treating a patient with drugs that are renally eliminated or potentially nephrotoxic. A 24hour urine sample is a creatinine clearance test.
To asses the functional capacity of kidney early detection of possible renal impairment. Knobel, phd, rn jennifer marie smith, rn, msn, cpnp t hrough a complex network of filtration, secretion, and absorption, the kidneys are largely responsible for maintaining homeostasis in the extracellular envi. Renal function is an indication of the kidneys condition and its role in renal physiology. Understanding your lab values people who develop chronic kidney disease may have some or all of the following tests and measurements. Creatinine clearance rate c cr or crcl is the volume of blood plasma that is cleared of creatinine per unit time and is a useful measure for. Here, commonly used laboratory tests of renal function are discussed, including glomerular filtration rate gfr, creatinine clearance, serum creatinine concentration estimation of gfr, cystatin c assay, serum urea concentration, urinalysis, free water clearance and endocrine changes in renal disease. The third reason is that increasingly simple techniques are available to measure the urine. Tests of kidney function creatinine glomerular filtration rate urine albumin cystatin c urinalysis dipstick microscopic blood urea nitrogen bun osmolality urine protein urine protein electrophoresis kidney stone assessment calcium, citric acid, uric acid, oxalate. Ppt kidney function test powerpoint presentation free to.
Tests that best detect abnormalities of renal function measure. How well your kidneys work is called kidney function. Higher levels may be a sign that the kidneys are not working properly. Understanding your lab values national kidney foundation. Apr 10, 2020 a kidney function test is a group of laboratory tests that helps detect problems or disorders in the kidneys. Discuss estimated glomerular filtration rate gfr in relationship to creatinine and creatinine clearance tests. Recognize reference values for renal function tests. Historically, kidney function was primarily assessed by serum creatinine and the calculation of estimated glomerular filtration rate. Kidney function tests can help your doctor check your kidney function and to monitor it over time. Medical tests of kidney function interpretation of lab results.
See the lab test interpretation table, located below this document, for normal values and interpretation tips. Serum creatinine is a fantastic example of how one can misinterpret renal function in the eldery renal dysfunction, pregnancy and neonate are fantastic examples of how one can misinterpret serum digoxin levels. Lab work, urine samples and other tests may be given as you undergo diagnosis and treatment for renal failure. Understanding your kidney function results kidney function, also called renal function is a common blood test to check how well your kidneys are working. A second reason is that certain characteristics of the kidney and renal tubular function, some only recently defined, make it possible to devise tests which will detect very small changes in tubular function. Things to remember it is common to need a lot of tests if you have kidney disease. Jan 09, 2018 kidney function tests usually require a 24hour urine sample and a blood test. Liver and kidney function test in gurgaon 1 next door lab is a place where you have an opportunity to sit at home and get the test done in no pain. Differentiation of renal potassium loss from other causes of hypokalaemia. Explain the function of the kidneys and production of urine. Chronic kidney disease may not cause symptoms until your kidney function has dropped to a very low level.
Kidney function tests,values and interpretation medcrine. Types of renal function test 4 types biology discussion. Chronic kidney disease ckd a progressive decline in kidney function decreased filtration progresses to end stage renal disease dialysis or kidney transplant definition. It can also be used to monitor people who are receiving treatment for illnesses affecting the kidneys. Dec 31, 2016 interpretation of renal diagnostic tests christos argyropoulos md, phd, fasn university of new mexico school of medicine 2. Initial tests o renal function o pth o phosphate, magnesium management severe kidney disease may have some or all of the following tests and measurements. These laboratory tests are helpful in determining the kidney function of an individual. Crcl measures the kidneys ability to remove creatinine from blood, which helps to estimate gfr, the amount of blood filtered per minute through the kidneys. Kidney function tests usually require a 24hour urine sample and a blood test. As kidney d isease progresses, the level of creatinine in the blood increases. Besides the blood test result other factors are factored in to determine your gfr number. Appropriate interpretation of changes in markers of kidney function is essential during the treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Renal function testing american journal of kidney diseases.
Shedding light on renal disease overview of chronic kidney disease. Each lobe consists of a pyramid of medullary tissue, plus the cortical tissue overlying its base 392 part vi renal physiology and body fluids chronic kidney disease is usually progressive and may lead to renal. You need to have your kidneys checked because you cant feel kidney disease. Clinical significance of renal function tests flashcards. Protein intake and liver function, the test is usually done in conjunction with plasma creatinine, which is a more specific indicator of kidney function. Aug 25, 2018 kidney function tests are group of investigations done to evaluate the function of the kidneys.
Assessment of renal tubular function and damage and their. Kidney gfr chart by age and ckd stages table disabled world. Pdf laboratory tests of renal function researchgate. The test also measures the level of certain salts such as potassium, chloride, sodium, and bicarbonate. Jun 06, 2019 kidney function tests target either the blood or urine and measure different aspects of kidney function. This is achieved by the urinalysis, measurement of urinary protein excretion, and, if necessary, radiologic studies andor kidney biopsy. Tests to measure kidney function, damage and detect abnormalities blood and urine tests show how well the kidneys are doing their job and how quickly body wastes are being removed. These two types of labs are often grouped together to give a basic overview of the status of the patient, excluding issues surrounding hematology. See also the separate article on urine dipstick analysis. Doctors also sometimes check it before or after you start a medicine that can affect your kidneys, or as part of a wellbeing check. Pdf reliable laboratory tests for renal function are important for a the. A renal function assessment should be done prior to the start of cancer drug treatment to ensure that the patient has adequate renal function to eliminate renally cleared drugs. Kidney function tests are simple blood and urine tests that can help identify problems with your kidneys.
Laboratory blood tests useful in monitoring renal function. When renal function is impaired, it is reflected in the blood pressure, blood chemistries, fluid balance, and general wellbeing. Often, doctors will order more than one test at a time to get a broader picture of the. A structured approach to the interpretation of liver function tests lfts, including examples of the common patterns of lft derangement. Kidney function tests target either the blood or urine and measure different aspects of kidney function. A urine test checks for albumin in your urine, a sign of kidney damage. It is more common to estimate gfr by calculating crcl using the cockcroftgault formula see renal function tests. As kidney function is compromised, glomerular filtration and renal tubular reabsorption are impaired. Evaluation of kidney function throughout the heart failure. Mineralocorticoid excess, some renal tubular disorders, metabolic alkalosis, some. Thapa and anuj walia division of pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology and nutrition, post graduate institute of medical education and research, chandigarh abstract liver function tests lft are a helpful screening tool, which are an effective modality to detect hepatic dysfunction. Start studying clinical significance of renal function tests.
A renal function panel kidney function test is a common health screening used to help detect conditions affecting the kidneys. Estimation of the gfr is used clinically to assess the degree of kidney impairment and to follow the course of the disease. Tests to measure kidney function, damage and detect. Tests of renal function can also be utilized to identify which area of the functional unit of the kidney nephron is affected. This pathology lab out stands in providing the facility of collecting the sample from your place and takes them to the quality labs for testing. Patients with kidney disease have few signs and symptoms early in disease course. Initial tests o renal function o pth o phosphate, magnesium management severe kidney function test biochemistry module biochemistry notes 16 kidney function test 16. Jan 17, 2020 kidney function tests are a group of tests performed to evaluate the overall functioning of the kidneys. Triple phosphate crystals are seen only in alkaline urine. Interpretation of liver function tests lfts geeky medics. This video explains all kidney function tests with normal range and calculations if any. Overview learning objectives assessment of renal function and renal damage in ckd assessment of tubular function diagnostic renal imaging information on the slides intended as a handoutreference. Urine tests can also detect whether the kidneys are leaking abnormal amounts of protein, a sign of kidney damage. Renal function tests are also indicated in those individuals who are transplant donors to assess the initial donor suitability, and after that, to detect any significant deterioration of renal function postdonation.
Describe characteristics of common at least 4 renal diseases requiring renal function tests. Your health care provider will use a blood test to check your kidney function. One of these tests is the analysis of urine, commonly known as urinalysis. However, the gfr provides no information on the cause of the kidney disease. In this section, well be discussing the normal laboratory values of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, including their indications and nursing considerations. Pdf on jan 1, 2017, dm vasudevan and others published chapter25 kidney function tests find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Measurement of renal function in chronic renal disease.
Therefore, if you have an abnormal result you may need further tests to find the cause of a kidney problem. Many people with kidney disease dont know that they can use their lab test results as a tool to see how well theyre doingand avoid some complications. Kidney function tests and interpretation of results. Kidney function tests are simple blood and urine tests that check whether your kidneys are working properly by measuring the levels of markers.
Clinical examination a comprehensive collection of clinical examination osce guides that include stepbystep images of key steps, video demonstrations and pdf. Derangement of any of these function would result in either decreased. In this first part of the series, we will cover common chemistry values and renal function studies. Cockcroftgault calculation of creatinine clearance.
Jun 23, 2015 the type of measurement of kidney function performed will be determined by the reason for assessing renal activity. A guide to thyroid function test interpretation tft interpretation, including the common tft patterns for hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Monitor response to treatment monitor the safe and effective use of drugswhich are excreted in the urine. A blood test checks your gfr, which tells how well your kidneys are filtering. The test results will be used to assist the healthcare team your doctor, nurses, and others in evaluating your kidney function and. Laboratory blood tests useful in monitoring renal function in neonates robin b.
Kidney glomerular filtration rate number is considered by medical professionals to be the best measure of your kidney function and it is a key indicator of renal function. These basic tests and their interpretation should be familiar to all nurses. Interpretation of renal diagnostic tests slideshare. Interpretation of renal function tests and the renal. If you have kidney disease, your health care provider will use the same two tests to help monitor your kidney disease and make sure your treatment plan is working. Interpretation of renal function tests and the renal effects. The kidney has various filtration, excretion and secretary functions. Module 7understanding kidney lab tests kidney school.
With proper interpretation, physicians can recognize atrisk patients, monitor their renal function, and delay or avoid the need for renal replacement therapy. They have a characteristic crystal shape, often referred to as coffin lids. Biochemical tests of renal function diseases affecting kidneys can be selectively damage glomerular or tubular function urine biochemical tests of renal function utest of glomerular function measurement of gfr clearance tests plasma creatinine blood urea utubular function tests u urinalysis dr. Indications evaluated known or suspected impairment of renal function decrease glomerular filtration rate gfr interpretation increase in. Thyroid function test interpretation tft interpretation. Mar 27, 2012 a kidney function blood test helps check if the kidneys are functioning properly.
Kidney function test biochemistry module biochemistry notes 16 kidney function test 16. Patient education lab values explained kidney dialysis therapy. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 118k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. The kidney blood test results tell us the level of urea and creatinine present.
If the blood test is abnormal it cannot say what is causing the kidney problem. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Assessment of renal function is important in the management of patients with kidney disease or pathologies affecting renal function. The human kidney is organized into a series of lobes,usually 8 to 10 in number. Kidney tests are very important for people who have diabetes, high blood pressure, or heart disease. Aug 07, 20 higher levels may be a sign that the kidneys are not working properly. Large variation between individuals with large spread of normal values. Several blood and urine tests can provide information about your kidney function.